ABSTRACT
During the last two years (1996-1997), trials were conducted in different locations in Greece to establish an integrated crop management approach over some of the main varieties, mainly through growth regulation. An intensive use of the plant mapping to establish plant parameters (plant height, number of nodes above white flower on position one, top five node average internode length, node of first fruiting branch and fruit set) is critically evaluated. Plant regulating techniques in integrated crop management are discussed.
Month: August 2018
Developing Integrated Weed Management Systems for Cotton
ABSTRACT
The Australian cotton industry is responding to increased pressure to reduce reliance on pesticides. An important part of this program is the examination of weed control and herbicide use patterns. Attention is now being given to the significant amounts of herbicide being applied in cotton rotations and possibilities for herbicide reduction. Currently there are no known cases of herbicide resistance within Australian cotton fields but prevention and limitation of resistance is a major objective. An integrated weed management (IWM) system has existed by default in the cotton industry, due mainly to inter-row cultivation and hand hoeing to control weed escapes. However, a formalized IWM strategy needs to be developed to ensure that the use of herbicides is sustainable in a viable cropping system. Recent new advances in herbicide chemistry, genetic engineering and machinery design offer the opportunity to combine these with existing weed control techniques to achieve a more environmental and economically sustainable weed management strategy
Conservation Tillage for Cotton Growing
ABSTRACT
The systems of consumption, production and trade, speciality after the Second World War, have deteriorated as consequence of degradation of the environment and natural resources. During the last year as an answer to this situation, Conalgodón has been working around the conservation tillage to increase and protect the soil, considering it the base of the improvement for cotton growing in a tropical country like Colombia.
The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Cotton Growth and Development under Greek Conditions
ABSTRACT
The effect of two irrigation levels and two N-fertilization practices on the growth and productivity of two Greek cotton varieties (e.g. Zeta-2, Korina) was investigated in a field experiment carried out in central Greece, in 1997. The irrigation levels are 320 mm/yr (I2) which is normal for the study area, and an amount by 20% lower, viz. 250 mm/yr (I1). The fertilization practices include a) classical dressing with 160 kg N/ha (F1) and b) same amount of total N applied by fertigation (F2). The experimental design was split-split plot with five blocks. The development and growth features of cotton were determined in five distracting samplings throughout the growing period. Fiber percentage and quality characteristics were also determined. It was found that the lower irrigation did not affect the final seed- and lint-cotton yield. Contrarily, the lower irrigation exhibited a significant positive effect on crop earliness, especially for the cultivar Zeta-2, which performed by about 500 kg/ha and 200 kg/ha greater yield respectively of seed- and lint-cotton at the first pick. No effect of fertilization practice on the yield was found at any of the pickings. This was especially the case for “Zeta-2” which performed identical yields for the two fertilization practices. The plants receiving the higher irrigation (I2) performed a leaf area index (LAI) rather greater than the I1 plants, viz. 4 vs. 3.1 at the beginning of August. Also the plants under the common fertilization practice exhibited higher LAI at the first stages but these differences were disappeared later. The fiber length was the only cotton quality character significantly affected by the treatments. The combination of low irrigation and fertigation gave the longest fiber length. The above results give evidence that irrigation and fertilization in cotton may be reduced in accordance to the imposed low input agriculture in the future without a serious variation in the cost/benefit ratio. This can be of particular importance especially for adverse years when an early crop is highly required.
The Influence of Tillage on Weed Density, Cotton Growth and Yield
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Larissa, Greece, during 1996, on a clay soil (1% OM), to investigate the effect of three tillage systems (conventional, strip and minimum tillage) on weed emergence, cotton growth and weed-cotton competition. Mouldboard ploughing, followed by chisel ploughing and a single pass with a flexi-tine cultivator prior to cotton sowing constituted the conventional tillage. The strip tillage regime was with a 25-cm deep subsoil treatment at 95-cm intervals, followed by cultivation with a narrow crop cultivator. The minimum tillage treatment plots received a single pass with a flexi-tine cultivator. The combined effect of tillage system x herbicide application (alachlor, prometryne, fluometuron (applied alone), or alachlor EC and alachlor CS in a tank-mix with prometryne or fluometuron, respectively) on weeds and cotton was also examined. The results indicated that both conventional and minimum tillage systems gave taller cotton plants with greater leaf area, wider main stem and higher node number than strip tillage. More weeds were found with conservation tillage (strip and minimum tillage systems) than with conventional tillage. Cotton yield was higher in conventional tillage than conservation tillage systems. Fluometuron treatments produced better weed control and higher cotton yields than the other treatments.
Soil Tillage Effect in Cotton Crop
ABSTRACT
An experiment to study the impact of five methods of tillage on soil physical aspects and cotton growth was established in Thessaly Greece in 1996 in order to reduce inputs in the cotton crop. The methods included conventional tillage with ploughing at 25cm, reduced tillage with heavy cultivator at 20 cm, reduced with rotary cultivator at 15cm, reduced with disc harrow at 8 cm and no-tillage. Soil in reduced tilled plots had a higher bulk density, shear strength and resistance to penetration. Cotton plants grown under reduced methods of tillage had delayed emergence, reduced growth, less bolls and lower yields. At harvest, conventional tillage gave the best yield with 4 t/ha of seed cotton followed by heavy cultivator with 3.8 t/ha. The methods of rotary cultivator and disk harrow yielded much less, with 3.2 t/ha. The no-tillage plots gave 2.8 t/ha of seed cotton and were last of all.
Effects of Previous Cultivation of Sugarbeet on the Subsequent Cultivation of Cotton
ABSTRACT
The effect of previous cultivation of sugarbeet, legume, cotton and corn on the subsequent crops of cotton and corn was studied in a two – year rotation cycle at two Greek locations in 1994 and 1995. This paper only discusses the two cultivation systems, 1) sugarbeet – cotton and 2) cotton – cotton. The effect of sugarbeet in cotton cultivation is considered negative based on various field observations and the personal experience of farmers. Some of the supposed causes of this effect are evaluated. Growth analysis in cotton grown after sugarbeet showed that plants had a significant delay in appearance of squares, flowers and bolls, delayed weight development of vegetative and reproductive parts, delayed Leaf Area development and reduced chlorophyll, compared to cotton grown after cotton. This difference gradually declined or disappeared during plant life cycle. Thus although cotton grown after sugarbeet yielded less in the first picking, total yield was not inferior. Soil analytical data during the second year were not found to be influenced by the previous cultivation. Heavy rainfall in October 1994 and spring 1995 possibly leached residual N and balanced the differences between crops. In addition, no sugarbeet residues were left in the soil and it was hand harvested, possibly explaining the lack of effect on the C/N ratio and soil mycoflora. The increased soil compaction observed in plots planted to sugarbeet, combined with delayed cotton growth, support the hypothesis that the swollen sugarbeet roots increase soil compaction, prohibiting root penetration of the following cotton crop.
Performance of Two Stripper Cotton Cultivars Planted at Three Ultra-narrow Row Spacings
ABSTRACT
Ultra-narrow cotton creates new possibilities for shortening the growing season of cotton thus decreasing costs of production inputs, but the optimum row spacing for ultra-narrow planting is still under investigation. The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Centre in Uvalde, Texas, during the 1997 season. The soil at the experimental site is a Uvalde silty clay loam. Transgenic RoundUp-Ready cultivars Paymaster 2200 and Paymaster 2326 were planted to a plant population of about 245,000 plants per ha in 20-, 30-, and 40-cm spaced rows. A linear-move, low-pressure overhead sprinkler system was used for in-season irrigation of the plots. There were significant differences in yield between the two cultivars across row spacing treatments. Seedcotton yield of Paymaster 2200 averaged 3089 kg/ha, while that of Paymaster 2326 averaged 2259 kg/ha. There were no significant differences among row-distance treatments. The interaction cultivar x row spacing was not significant. Our data indicates (1) there is no advantage in planting at row-distances less than 16 inches and (2) the selection of best adapted and high yielding varieties is an important consideration for a successful crop.
Contents Of The WCRC 2
Cultural Practices
Long-term Cotton Based Crop Rotation Experimentation
Application of Soil Monitoring, Benchmarking and Crop Simulation
Mechanized Picking of Cotton Cultivated in Narrow Rows in Greece
Physiological Effects on Cotton Plant Sown under Plastic Mulch
Review of the Most Important Weather Parameters and their Impact on Cotton Yield
Weeding Initiation Time and Frequency
Sudac-K, A Cultivar for Narrow Row Cultivation in the Sudan
Performance of Two Stripper Cotton Cultivars Planted at Three Ultra-narrow Row Spacings
Effects of Previous Cultivation of Sugarbeet on the Subsequent Cultivation of Cotton
Soil Tillage Effect in Cotton Crop
The Influence of Tillage on Weed Density, Cotton Growth and Yield
The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Cotton Growth and Development under Greek Conditions
Conservation Tillage for Cotton Growing
Developing Integrated Weed Management Systems for Cotton
Integrated Crop Management Practices in Cotton under Greek Conditions
Irrigation
Effects of Meteorological Parameters and Irrigation on Cotton Phenology in Greece
Economization of Nitrogen Requirement of Summer Irrigated Cotton through Use of Biofertilizers
Influence of Irrigation and Plant Density on Cotton Yield in Southern Italy
Optimization of Cotton Irrigation using Evolutionary Algorithm and Simulation Model
Nutrition
Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Interaction on Cotton Production
Tillage, Cover Crop and N Effects on Cotton Grown in 19 cm Row Widths
KTS-Potassium Thiosulphate – A Liquid Potassium and Sulphur Fertilizer for Cotton Production
Foliar Fertilization in Cotton
Yield and Quality Properties of Cotton as Affected by Potassium Fertilization
The Effect of Potassium Fertilizer Plus Higher Nitrogen Rates on Growth and Yield of Cotton
The Effects of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on the Uptake and Yield of Cotton on Calcareous Soil
Influence of Nitrogen Nutrition on the Yield and Quality of Cotton
Nitrogen Fertilization of Cotton Based on Inorganic Nitrogen Analysis of the Soil
Effects of Foliar Applied Potassium on Cotton in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Biotechnology
Cotton Biotechnology in Uzbekistan
Efficient Protoplast Isolation Towards an Adapted Culture Protocol for Cotton (Gossypium sp.)
Confocal Imaging on Microprojectile-bombarded Pollen of
Gossypium hirsutum L.
Haploid Induction in Cotton: A Future Perspective
Utilization of Cotton Haploids in Basic and Applied Research
Transformation of Egyptian Cotton Tissue (Gossypium barbadense) Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Development of Transgenic Insect-protected Cotton Plants
Genetics and Combining Ability of Leaf Curl Virus Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Studies in Cotton
Response to In Vitro Regeneration of Immature Zygotic Embryos in Cotton (Gossypium spp)
Obtaining Insect-resistant Cotton by Transformation with Agrobacterium
Breeding
Genetics of Yield and its Contributing Traits in Upland Cotton
Cotton and Environment
Beneficial Use of Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural Wastes in Cotton Production
Cotton Pesticides in Perspective: Minimizing their Impact on Produce and in Riverine Ecosystems
Crop Protection
Predatory Arthropods in Australian Cotton Fields
Esterase Inhibitors Restore Pyrethroid Susceptibility in Australian Helicoverpa armigera
Bt Cotton: Status of Heliothine Resistance in the United States
Resistance of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera:Aphididae) to Insecticides
Cotton Insect Pest Control with Indoxacarb
Okra-Leaf and Normal Leaf Cotton Resistance to Silverleaf Whitefly
Distribution of Heliothine Larvae in Bt and Non-Bt Cotton in Texas
Cotton Leaf Curl Virus: A Threat to Pakistan Cotton
The Development of New Strains of Verticillium dahliae in Australia
Agrobacterium Bronzing and Wilt of Cotton: Epidemiology and Control
Etiology, Incidence and Prevelance of Cotton Wilt Disease and Strains of Wilt Pathogen in Cukurova
Interactions of Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt with Root-Knot Nematodes in Cotton
Fusarium Wilt Disease Manifestation in Cotton Fields of Tanzania
Fusarium Wilt of Cotton in Australia
Development of Genotypes that are Tolerant to Verticillium Wilt in Iran
Search for Elite Sources of Resistance to Leaf Curl Virus in Upland Cotton
Management of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in India
Morphophysiological Changes of Cotton under Saline Stress in the Presence of Fusarium oxysporum sp
Capture of Alabama argillacea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Adults in Light Traps in Cotton,
Movement of Boll Weevils in Three Areas of Texas Relative to Cotton Plant Phenology
The Status of Bemesia as a Cotton Pest: Past Trends and Future Possibilities
Seasonal Ecology of Deraeocoris pallens (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Cotton
The Influence of Host Plants on the Mating Success of the Cotton Bollworm,
Spatial Distribution of Preimaginal Bemesia tabaci (Homo-ptera: Aleyrodidae) in Cotton
A New Technology for Improved Pesticide Coverage on the Cotton Canopy.
Bollworm Sampling for Action Thresholds in Sub Saharan Africa: Spatial and Probability Distribution
A New Technology for Improved Pesticide Coverage on Cotton Canopy. Part II: Field Efficacy
New Spray Adjuvant Increases the Efficacy of Cotton Insecticides
Capture of Alabama argillacea Hübner Adults with Black Light Traps
Spraying Apparatus for Pest Control in Cotton for the Small Farmer
Optimum Sample Size of Bollworms on Cotton Plants in Burkino Faso
Field Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management in Cotton in India
The Israel Cotton IPM-IRM Strategy–Retrospect and Prospect
Effect of Structural Adjustment Programmes on Pest Control in Tanzania:
Recent Advances in Cotton Production for Efficient Insect Pest Management
Proposed Strategies in Integrated Pest Management in the Gap Region of Turkey
Application Techniques to Meet the Requirements of IPM, IRM and Transgenics
Reniform Nematode: Possibly the Most Serious Threat to World Cotton Production Since the Boll Weevil
Cotton Insect Pest Problems and Management Strategies in Côte d’Ivoire, W. Africa
Hamabia” – Intercrop Integrated Pest Management in the Jordan Valley
Integrated Pest Management Strategy for Irrigated Cotton
A System Approach to Sustainable Insect Pest Management in Cotton
Integrated Pest Management on Cotton in South Africa
Analysis of Pyrethroid Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera in Pakistan
Efficacy of Bt Cotton Plants in Australia: What is Going On?
The population dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton, in Greece
Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Indian Helicoverpa armigera
Mechanism of Resistance in Wild Gossypium species to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Management of Insecticide Resistant Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cotton in India
The Role of Spiders in the Control of Cotton Pests in the Cotton Cropping Systems of Eastern Uganda
Dynamics of Whiteflies and their Enemies in Cotton Fields: Implications for Pest Management
Use of Pheromones for Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella, Saunders) Mating Disruption in Israel
Update on the Area-Wide Budworm/Bollworm Management Program with Virus in the United States
Cottonseed Treatment in Addition to Chemical Control of Sporadic Pests for the Small Scale Farmer
An Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments Against Thrips in Southern Australia
New Developments in Cottonseed Treatment from China, CIS Republics and United States
Chemical Seed Treatments for the Control of Cotton Seedling Pathogens
Relative Resistance of Gossypium Species to Insect Complex Under Non-Sprayed Conditions
Honeydew and Seed Coat Fragments: Identifying and Counting Two Major Cotton Fiber Contaminants
Bemesia (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Honeydew and Sticky Cotton Relationships
Up date on Cotton Stickiness Measurement
Grading Suitable for Commercial Application
Investigation of Within-Bale Variability of Stickiness Measurement
Variability of Cotton Fiber Quality
Fiber Property Variability from Bale to Bale
Degree of Verticillium Wilt Infection and the Relative Damage in Fiber Quality Parameters
Nep Content in Relation to Cotton Fiber Quality Characteristics
Effects of Meteorological Parameters and Irrigation on Micronaire Index of Cotton in Greece
Gin Machinery1 Influence on Cotton Quality and Value
Computerized Process Control for Gins
How Genotype and Temperature Modify Yarn Properties and Dye Uptake
Maintaining Quality of Stripper Harvested Cotton from Field to Textile Mill
A High-Efficiency Method of Fiber Opening andCotton Trash Removal
Relationships Between Cotton Fiber Properties and Mill Processing Results from Bale to Card Sliver
Long Linted Gossypium arboreum for Meeting Textile Industrial Needs
Ginneries and Cotton Distribution in Kenya
Changes of Cotton Fiber Linear Density and Maturity During the Spinning
Significance of Non-Conventional Properties in Assessing Yarn Parameters
The Solutions for Controlling Fabric Barré
Modification of the HVI Software as an Essential Step Towards a Global Cotton Standardization System
Comparative Analysis of Cotton Maturity Assessment Methods
A Reference Test for HVI Strength Measurements. Part 2: Experience with International Cottons
HVI: The System that has Revolutionised the Testing of Cotton Fiber Quality
Specific Surface Area of Cotton Measured by Methylene Blue Absorption and Relation to its Fineness
A Comparative Cost Analysis of Organic and Conventional Cotton Production in Viotia – Greece
Losses Incurring During Cotton Mechanical Harvesting, in Central Greece
Cottonseed Utilization and Human Nutrition
Comparison Between Conventional and Organic Cotton Growing in Greece: Economics of Four Year Studies
Factors Limiting Cotton Productivity in Uganda
The Effect of Sludge and Water from a Sewage Treatment Plant on the Growth of Cotton Plants
Gaucho – A New Dimension in Cotton Seed Treatment
Carfentrazone-Ethyl (F8426): a New Low-Dose Cotton Defoliant
A New Device for Small Scale Cottonseed Acid Delinting
Integrated Crop Management in the Age of Genetically Engineered Traits
FINISH®, a Physiological Approach to Cotton Boll Opening and Defoliation
Problems of Growing Cotton in Marginal Regions
Physiological Responses of Cotton to Water Deficit in Pakistan
Physiology of Cotton under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions in Spain
Laboratory Screening Test for Cotton Seed Germination and Emergence Under Low Temperatures
Natural Resource Management in Hybrid Cotton in Rainfed Vertisols
Use of Model Assisted Yield Frameworks for the Analysis of Cotton Cultivar Response to Drought
Leaf Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Gossypium hirsutum under Drought Conditions
Physiological and Molecular Response of Cotton to Water Deficit
Sustainable Land Management Systems for Cotton
Organic Cotton Experiments in Northern Benin
Estimating Cotton Water Stress for Production Management
Nitrogen Fertility Management during Water Stress in Cotton
Physiological and Yield Responses of Field-grown Cotton to Shade
Plant Proteins Responsible for Fiber Strength in Cotton
Assessing Effects of Canopy Nitrogen and Light Distribution on Radiation Use Efficiency of Cotton
Factors Affecting Yield of Okra-Leaf Cotton Types in the Mississippi Delta
Genetic Variability for Root Development in Cotton
Cell Wall Subunits, “Glue” Matrix and Cotton Fiber Development
Sucrosyl Oligosaccharide Metabolism and Cotton Fiber Development
ASSET as an In-Furrow Application to Enhance Early-Season Growth and Lint Yield
Validation and Application of GOSSYM
Modeling Light-Interception for a Cotton Population Model
COTONS, A Cotton Simulation Model for the Next Century
Cotton Phenology and Growth Processes: Model Development
Spectral Data Analysis for Cotton Growth Monitoring
Utilization of Spectral Imaging to Detect N and K Sufficiency in Cotton
Post application Environment Controls Growth Responses in Cotton
Exogenously Applied Glycinebeyaine is Not Rapidly Re Translocated in Cotton
Glycinebetaine Treatment Improves Cotton Yields in Field Trials in Pakistan
PGR IV Increased Cotton Yield by Affecting Various Fruiting Parameters